Yabloko

Yabloko is a systemic opposition party. It has no representation in the last convocations of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. The party is represented in only 4 regional parliaments and has no majority in any of them. No governor of the Russian Federation has been nominated by Yabloko.

Yabloko emerged in the 1990s. Ideologically, the party can be characterized as a liberal party with a left-wing bias. It can be described as an opposition party that systematically advocates democratic reforms in Russia. In recent years, Yabloko has often been criticized for not participating in elections, including the run for presidency in 2024.

Grigory Yavlinsky, one of the party's founders, has been the party's permanent leader for many years, although he formally resigned as party chair in 2008. Since 2019, the party's chair has been Nikolai Rybakov.